Andijan region is located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley at the foothill of the Fergana and Alay mountains. The Kashkadarya River cuts across the region from the eastern to the western part and its waters are mainly used for irrigation. Andijan region is considered one of the most densely populated regions in Uzbekistan with a population of approximately 2,400,000. Almost 9 % of the total population of Uzbekistan resides its territory, which makes up only one percent of the total territory. The region of Andijan consists of 14 administrative districts and 95 rural assemblies. Andijan city, with a population of 303, 000, is the administrative centre.

The industrial sector includes metal processing, chemical production, electromechanics, cotton refinery, and food production for human and animal consumption. The first car factory in Central Asia was established in Andijan region by an Uzbek-Korean joint enterprise. Gas pipelines, passing over the Khanabad-Andijan-Asaka route and other parts of the valley operate reliably.

Cultivation, mainly limited to the extensively irrigated parts of the valley (man-made canals) includes cotton, wheat, fruits and vegetables. The animal breeding industry is dominated by horned cattle and silkworm breeding. Increasing and rationalizing agricultural production is a regional priority pursued by the government by prioritizing measures to modernize and expand local small and medium private enterprises, in line with local conditions and appropriate technologies. The government is also promoting the establishment of new enterprises in processing locally produced raw materials, notably cotton, silk, wool and other textiles.